SetEnvIf Authorization "^Session\ (.*)$" session=$1
    RequestHeader set Cookie "PHPSESSID=%{session}e" env=session
    #bad # RequestHeader set Cookie "laravel_session=${1}e" "expr=%{HTTP:Authorization} =~ /^Session\ (.*)$/i"

    RewriteCond %{HTTP:Authorization} ^Session\ (.*)$ [NC]
    RewriteRule ^ - [CO=PHPSESSID:%1:.%{HTTP_HOST}:1440:/]

apache config /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>
    #ServerName demo.localhost

    ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
    DocumentRoot /var/www/html

    LogLevel alert rewrite:trace6

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

    RewriteEngine On

    SetEnvIf Authorization "^Session\ (.*)$" session=$1
    RequestHeader set Cookie "PHPSESSID=%{session}e" env=session
</VirtualHost>

php /var/www/html/php.php

<?php
//session_start();
//var_dump(session_id());
var_dump($_COOKIE);

shell result

sudo a2enmod headers
sudo service apache2 restart
curl -i 'http://demo.localhost/php.php' -H 'Authorization: Session npvh65dsqshgk24qj4a1nitmoc'
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
    Date: Sun, 21 Apr 2019 03:26:44 GMT
    Server: Apache/2.4.34 (Ubuntu)
    Vary: Accept-Encoding
    Content-Length: 73
    Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8

    array(1) {
      ["PHPSESSID"]=>
      string(26) "npvh65dsqshgk24qj4a1nitmoc"
    }

References

  1. RequestHeader Directive - mod_headers - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4
  2. CO cookie - RewriteRule Flags - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4
  3. Copy cookie to request header in Apache HTTPD - Server Fault